Australian Pregnancy Care Guidelines

Published by Living Evidence for Australian Pregnancy and Postnatal Care (LEAPP) on Oct 1, 2024

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This guideline is funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.

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Abstract

Language

en-au

PICOS

PICO 10.1

Population
Pregnant women with normal iron status
Intervention
Oral Iron Supplementation
Comparator
No Oral Iron Supplementation
Outcomes

PICO 10.1

Population
pregnant women with chlamydia
Intervention
Erythromycin or azithromycin
Comparator
No treatment
Outcomes

PICO 10.2

Population
Pregnant women with or without anaemia
Intervention
Supplementation with iron alone
Comparator
no treatment/placebo
Outcomes

PICO 10.2

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Chlamydia
Comparator
Without chlamydia
Outcomes

PICO 10.3

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Intermittent oral iron alone supplementation
Comparator
daily iron alone supplementation
Outcomes

PICO 10.4

Population
Pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia
Intervention
Intravenous iron
Comparator
Oral Iron
Outcomes

PICO 10.5

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Ferrous biglycinate
Comparator
Other iron supplements
Outcomes

PICO 20.1

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Gestational age determination ultrasound
Comparator
Last menstrual period
Outcomes

PICO 20.1

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Comparator
Other depression diagnosis tools or scales
Outcomes

PICO 20.2

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Last menstrual period for determination gestational age
Comparator
Gestational age determination using ultrasound
Outcomes

PICO 30.1

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Validated anxiety assessment tools
Comparator
Any other tool or any scale of a given tool
Outcomes

PICO 30.1

Population
All pregnant women
Intervention
Routine ultrasound for structural anomalies
Comparator
Outcomes

PICO 30.1

Population
Women who are pregnant or are planning pregnancy
Intervention
Consumption of alcohol
Comparator
Abstinence
Outcomes

PICO 30.1

Population
Among pregnant women
Intervention
One step testing approach
Comparator
two steps testing approach
Outcomes

PICO 30.2

Population
All pregnant women <24 weeks of gestation
Intervention
Routine ultrasound assessment before 24 weeks of gestation
Comparator
Selective ultrasound assessment or no assessment
Outcomes

PICO 30.3

Population
All low risk pregnant women
Intervention
Routine third trimester ultrasound
Comparator
Fundal hight measurement (SFH)
Outcomes

PICO 40.1

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Validated psychosocial assessment tools
Comparator
Any other tool or any scale of a given tool
Outcomes

PICO 40.1

Population
Pregnant women with gestational age>=24 weeks
Intervention
Encouraging awareness of fetal movement
Comparator
Standard care
Outcomes

PICO 40.1

Population
Pregnant women living with HIV
Intervention
Any antiretroviral therapy for at least 4 weeks
Comparator
Placebo or other drug
Outcomes

PICO 40.2

Population
Pregnant women with gestational age>=24 weeks
Intervention
Enouraging fetal movemnet counting
Comparator
Standar care
Outcomes

PICO 40.3

Population
Pregnant women with gestational age>=24 weeks
Intervention
Any maternal perception of fetal movement
Comparator
Any alternative maternal perception of fetal movement
Outcomes

PICO 40.4

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment
Comparator
No ntenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment
Outcomes

PICO 50.1

Population
All pregnant women
Intervention
Universal cervical length screening
Comparator
No screening/high-risk screening
Outcomes

PICO 50.1

Population
Pregnant women attending antenatal care
Intervention
Routine screening for family violence
Comparator
No screening for violence
Outcomes

PICO 50.1

Population
Pregnant women with chronic HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive ≥6 months)
Intervention
Vertical transmission prophylaxis regimen
Comparator
Placebo or alternate vertical transmission prophylaxis regimen
Outcomes

PICO 50.2

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Any family violence screening tool
Comparator
Any alternative tool
Outcomes

PICO 50.2

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Diagnostic accuracy test of cervical length
Comparator
Any alternative test
Outcomes

PICO 50.3

Population
Pregnant women at risk of preterm birth
Intervention
Progesterone/cerclage
Comparator
Placebo/no progesterone/no cerclage
Outcomes

PICO 50.4

Population
Pregnant women with short cervix (<10mm)
Intervention
Cerclage
Comparator
No cerclage
Outcomes

PICO 50.5

Population
Pregnant women with specific high risk factors
Intervention
Progesterone/cervical cerclage
Comparator
Placebo/no cerclage/ alternative cerclage
Outcomes

PICO 50.6

Population
Women with 3 or more preterm
Intervention
Any intervention
Comparator
No intervention/alternative intervention
Outcomes

PICO 50.7

Population
Women with threatened miscarriage and/or recurrent miscarraige
Intervention
Micronised vaginal progesterone
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 50.8

Population
Women at risk of miscarriage
Intervention
Progesterone
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 50.9

Population
Pregnant women at risk of preterm birth
Intervention
Progesterone
Comparator
Cervical cerclage
Outcomes

PICO 60.1

Population
Asymptomatic pregnant women
Intervention
Gram stain screening for abnormal vaginal flora
Comparator
No screening
Outcomes

PICO 60.2

Population
Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis
Intervention
Treatment
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 60.3

Population
Pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and a prior preterm birth
Intervention
Oral or intravaginal clindamycin
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 70.1

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Any sleep position within last two weeks
Comparator
Left lateral sleep position
Outcomes

PICO 70.1

Population
Pregnant women with syphilis
Intervention
At least one dose of 2.4 million units (1.8g) penicillin
Comparator
No or inadequate treatment
Outcomes

PICO 80.1

Population
Pregnant women with suspected pre-eclampsia
Intervention
Urinalysis
Comparator
Alternative urinalysis
Outcomes

PICO 80.1

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Inadvertent rubella vaccination
Comparator
Outcomes

PICO 80.2

Population
Pregnant women between 11+0 to 14+1 weeks' gestation
Intervention
Diagnostic test accuracy for pre-eclampsia risk at any gestation
Comparator
Alternative test/s
Outcomes

PICO 80.3

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Pre-eclampsia screening
Comparator
Standard care
Outcomes

PICO 80.4

Population
Pregnant women prior to 16 weeks' gestation
Intervention
Aspirin
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 80.5

Population
Pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia
Intervention
Aspirin 150 mg commenced prior to 16 weeks' gestation
Comparator
Aspirin 100 mg or less
Outcomes

PICO 80.6

Population
Pregnant women commenced on aspirin prior to 16 weeks' gestation
Intervention
Evening dose timing
Comparator
Other time
Outcomes

PICO 80.7

Population
Nulliparous women at low risk of pre-eclampsia
Intervention
Aspirin
Comparator
No aspirin
Outcomes

PICO 80.8

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Low molecular weight heparin plus aspirin
Comparator
Aspirin alone
Outcomes

PICO 80.9

Population
Pregnant women
Intervention
Low molecular weight heparin
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 80.10

Population
Pregnant women with low dietary calcium intake
Intervention
Calcium supplementation
Comparator
Placebo
Outcomes

PICO 80.11

Population
Pregnant women taking aspirin
Intervention
Ceasing aspirin at 37+ weeks
Comparator
Ceasing aspirin at <37 weeks
Outcomes

PICO 90.1

Population
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women
Intervention
Screening
Comparator
No screening
Outcomes

PICO 100.1

Population
Pregnant women needing screening to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease
Intervention
universal screening
Comparator
risk-based protocols
Outcomes

PICO 100.2

Population
Pregnant women needing screening to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease
Intervention
universal screening
Comparator
no policy groups
Outcomes

PICO 100.3

Population
Pregnant women needing screening to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease
Intervention
Risk-based protocols
Comparator
No policy groups
Outcomes

PICO 100.4

Population
Pregnant women who had nor received antibiotics
Intervention
Antenatal and intrapartum group B streptococcus cultures
Comparator
Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values
Outcomes

PICO 100.5

Population
Pregnant individuals
Intervention
Self-collected samples
Comparator
Provider-collected samples
Outcomes